Canada's ban prohibiting cosmetics animal testing and trade is enacted into law and has been into effect since December 22. This legislation which was enacted as part of the Budget Implementation Act (Bill C-47) in June 2023, bans cosmetic animal testing and the sale of products relying on new animal testing data to establish safety. It also prevents misleading labeling regarding animal testing for cosmetics.
Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses with a particle diameter of about 55 nanometers (nm). They can infect the skin as well as the epithelium in all vertebrates including humans. Warts are a common form of HPV infection. Certain types of HPV can also cause carcinomas including those of the male (penis) and female (cervix) genitalia.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore have recently found a revolutionary method to grow human norovirus (HuNoV) in zebrafish embryos (1). HuNoV, a common and worldwide cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, has been refractory to culture in vitro as well as in vivo. The use of zebrafish embryos for HuNoV culture promises to an important breakthrough.
Human Adenovirus
Adenoviruses (from Latin adenos meaning 'gland') are icosahedral (about 90 nm in diam.), nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses with a wide host range (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish). Characteristic antennae-like fibers protrude from the virion surface give them the appearance of miniature satellites. Virus replication occurs inside the nucleus of infected cells.